Which term is used when an argument assumes what it is trying to prove?

When an argument assumes what it is trying to prove, it is referred to as "begging the question." This logical fallacy occurs when the conclusion of the argument is included within the premises, essentially taking for granted the very point that is under dispute. This creates a circular reasoning pattern where the argument does not provide any real evidence or justification beyond restating what is being claimed.

For example, saying "Lying is wrong because it is unethical to not tell the truth" presupposes that lying is wrong without offering further justification or evidence for that claim. The assertion is already assumed in the premise, making the argument invalid. By recognizing this fallacy, individuals can better analyze the strength of an argument and identify instances where it does not adequately support its conclusion.