Which of the following is an example of discrediting an argument based on unrelated characteristics?

Discrediting an argument based on unrelated characteristics typically involves attacking the individual making the argument instead of addressing the argument itself. This conceptual tactic, known as an Ad Hominem attack, diverts attention from the actual issue and focuses instead on personal traits or circumstances of the person involved. For instance, if someone argues for a certain policy, and the response is to undermine their credibility based on their appearance, past mistakes, or unrelated characteristics—this would exemplify discrediting through Ad Hominem.

In contrast, using logical reasoning or providing evidence and examples involves a constructive approach to addressing arguments or claims directly, which does not fall under discrediting through unrelated characteristics. Questioning a claim based on public perceptions may address the argument but doesn't focus on unrelated characteristics of the individual making the claim. Therefore, the choice that most accurately represents discrediting an argument through unrelated characteristics is the one involving Ad Hominem attacks.