What type of logical fallacy is demonstrated when someone focuses on a personal trait of an opponent instead of addressing the argument?

The type of logical fallacy demonstrated when someone focuses on a personal trait of an opponent instead of addressing the argument is known as the Ad Hominem fallacy. This fallacy occurs when an individual attacks the character, motive, or other personal attributes of the person making an argument rather than engaging with the substance of the argument itself.

By diverting attention from the actual issue being discussed to the characteristics or intentions of the opponent, the arguer attempts to undermine the opponent's position without addressing the reasoning or evidence presented. This tactic can be particularly persuasive in rhetoric, as it aims to influence the audience’s perception emotionally rather than logically.

In the context of arguments, the focus should remain on the reasoning and supporting evidence rather than on personal characteristics, which are irrelevant to the validity of the argument.