In which type of argument does one side use the lack of evidence against a claim as proof of its validity?

The correct choice identifies the logical fallacy known as an appeal to ignorance. This type of argument claims that if something cannot be disproven or there is a lack of evidence against a particular claim, then that claim must be true. It relies on the absence of evidence as a form of proof rather than presenting positive evidence supporting the claim itself. For example, stating that extraterrestrial life exists simply because no one has proven it doesn't exist is an appeal to ignorance.

The other options represent different logical concepts that do not align with this idea. Inconsequent arguments distract from the main issue without addressing it directly. Leading questions guide respondents toward a particular answer, often by implying conditions that sway the respondent's perspective. Ad hominem arguments attack the individual making the claim instead of addressing the claim itself. Understanding these distinctions helps clarify why an appeal to ignorance is specifically characterized by its reliance on the absence of evidence as a basis for its conclusion.